Psychology

FDA science falls short in the case of kratom

The Botanicial Education Alliance had leading toxicologist William R. Sawyer, Ph.D., D-ABFM conduct a full toxicological review of 30 associated deaths when the DEA was attempting to schedule the plant. Dr. Sawyer found no deaths solely attributed to kratom in the TOXNET data network, and determined there was insufficient toxicological evidence to support Schedule I classification. ​Since then the FDA has added 14 new associated deaths, and reports revealed that the majority of the deceased had other harmful drugs in their system that could have potentially caused respiratory depression.

The fact is, just because there is opioid activity for an herb or milk does not mean it is identical to dangerous substances that are responsible for the deaths of millions of Americans like Fentanyl and other highly addictive pharmaceutical painkillers. It seems the FDA is very concerned with substances having “opioid properties”, but it appears that very common substances possess similar characteristics, yet they are not being demonized like the herb kratom. It was discovered some time ago in a study titled “Coffee contains potent opiate receptor binding activity” 1 that, “Opiate receptor-active peptide fragments (exorphins) have been identified recently in casein and gluten hydrolysates, and morphine has been found in bovine and human milk.” This leads to another study titled “Opioids in milk”2. This study stated that, “In various studies, the milk has been screened for the presence of free or precursor-bound opioids.” Even Black Cohosh, a very common herb, has central opioid activity and has been documented in a study titled “Black Cohosh has Central Opioid Activity in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from Naloxone Blockade and PET Neuroimaging Studies” 3. A very surprising one is ginger. In a study titled, “Ginger prevents morphine-induced addictive behaviors in conditioned place preference test in rats” 4. The data in this study indicated that ginger extract has a potential anti-addictive property against chronic usage of morphine. These facts about coffee, milk, ginger, and black cohosh have been known for sometime and yet they remain … The FDA has stated that kratom has been “associated” with 44 deaths.

Original Article (Medium):
FDA Science Falls Short In The Case Of Kratom
Published by: Medium.com
Artwork Fair Use: AKPBS

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